THE RISE OF GEN Z AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR GOVERNANCE, STABILITY AND DEMOCRACY IN KENYA

ISSUE
As Kenya enters 2025, the political landscape has been profoundly reshaped by the emergence of Generation Z (often referred to as Gen-Z), the generation of Kenyans born between the late 1990s and early 2010s. This demographic has long felt dejected and neglected by the government and is increasingly vocal about their demands for accountability, transparency, and social equity. Their dissatisfaction with traditional political practices and subsequent mobilization against perceived injustices poses significant political risks to the current government led by President William Ruto if not adequately addressed. More importantly, this generational shift toward issue-based advocacy has profound implications for governance, stability, and the future of Kenya’s democracy.

BACKGROUND
Kenya's political climate has been marked by significant turbulence, particularly following the closely contested 2022 elections, where President William Ruto narrowly secured victory by capitalizing on widespread public dissatisfaction. Since assuming office, his administration has faced numerous challenges, including soaring inflation, persistent corruption, and mounting public frustration over the rising national debt and escalating cost of living. These economic pressures culminated in widespread protests triggered by the introduction of the Finance Bill 2024. The bill proposed expanding Kenya’s tax base through controversial measures, such as taxing essential goods like bread and cooking oil. Many Kenyans viewed these policies as exacerbating their already dire economic situation, further fueling discontent and unrest.

Despite significant public opposition – 83% of the population reportedly disapproved of the proposed taxes – the government attempted to push the legislation through Parliament. This disregard for public sentiment ignited a wave of protests led by Gen-Z activists who leveraged social media platforms to organize protests and disseminate information rapidly under hashtags like #OccupyParliament and #RejectFinanceBill2024, leading to confrontations with law enforcement and marking a historic moment in Kenyan politics where youth-led movements began to mobilize politically and reshape governance narratives. The nationwide protests also marked a departure from traditional ethnic-based mobilization to issue-based activism focused on economic justice, governance reforms, and accountability.

LANDSCAPE
The mass protests, initially organised in the capital city, Nairobi, spread across the country with demonstrations taking place in almost every city and major town. The absence of a singular leader among these protests allowed for a decentralized movement that transcends tribal affiliations, appealing to a broader base of young Kenyans united by common grievances. The protests against the Finance Bill were not merely reactions to specific policies; they represented long-standing grievances regarding government corruption and a lack of opportunities for young people. What started out as a protest against taxes and government incompetence evolved into a show of public anger and frustration with what many Kenyans see as a corrupt leadership that does not adequately acknowledge their struggles. The protests forced President Ruto into a significant policy reversal – he scrapped the controversial Finance Bill and reshuffled his cabinet to create a more inclusive government. This response indicates the power that organized youth movements can wield in shaping policy outcomes. The protests also highlighted systemic issues within Kenyan governance, including a lack of transparency and accountability that have fueled public distrust.

IMPLICATIONS
The implications of Gen-Z's rising influence on Kenya's political landscape are profound:

• Short-Term Implications

1. Increased Civil Unrest: If the government fails to address Gen-Z's demands adequately, there is a heightened risk of renewed civil unrest. Protests may escalate into larger movements that challenge governmental authority.
2. Policy Reversals: The government may be compelled to make rapid policy adjustments in response to public pressure, potentially leading to instability in governance as leaders react rather than plan strategically.

• Mid-Term Implications

1. Shift in Political Dynamics: As Gen-Z continues to mobilize, traditional political parties may face challenges in maintaining relevance. New political movements or parties that align with Gen-Z values may emerge.
2. Erosion of Public Trust: Continued dissatisfaction with the government could lead to an erosion of trust in political institutions, resulting in lower voter turnout and engagement in future elections

• Long-Term Implications

1. Transformation of Governance Practices: The demands for accountability and transparency may force the much-needed changes in governance practices and decision making processes.
2. Redefinition of Political Leadership: The rise of Gen-Z activism could reshape Kenya’s political landscape by fostering a new class of leaders leaders who prioritize issue-based politics and are more attuned to the needs of younger citizens.

REFERENCES
1. Waithaka Njuguna Iraki, “Kenya unrest: the deep economic roots that brought Gen-Z onto the streets,” The Conversation, June 28, 2024, https://theconversation.com/kenya-unrest-the-deep-economic-roots-that-brought-gen-z-onto-the-streets-233463.

2. Job Mwaura, “Kenya Protests: Gen Z Shows the Power of Digital Activism,” The Conversation, June 22, 2024, https://theconversation.com/kenya-protests-gen-z-shows-the-power-of-digital-activism-driving-change-from-screens-to-the-streets-233065.

3. Khasai Makhulo, “Taking Charge: Gen Z Leads Historic Protests in Kenya,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, June 27, 2024, https://www.csis.org/analysis/taking-charge-gen-z-leads-historic-protests-kenya.